A long-term acid reflux can damage the esophagus and may lead to a condition known as barrett's esophagus, which is a precursor to esophageal cancer barrett's affects about 3% to 10% of older men, but within this group the risk of developing esophageal cancer is only about four in every 1,000 cases. Can acid reflux cause long term damage. Can acid reflux cause long term damage acid reflux (